The Latin word revelation means 'unveiling' and specifically the unveiling of truths concerning destiny and the intentions of the gods. Man has sought revelation since the earliest times and has used an infinite number of ways to achieve it including augury, astrology, starvation and drug use.
In this fascinating and far-reaching series of lectures, we'll study the nature of revelation in the ancient and modern worlds and the look at the arts it has inspired.
The Shaman, an individual understood to have a special understanding of the natural world existed and continues to exist in tribal cultures. Dismissed by the west as 'witch doctors' or 'medicine men', the shamans are actually a vital link between the people and the world in which they lived.
The highly evolved methods of predicting the future employed by the Maya, the Aztecs and the Inca involved augury (the reading of signs), shamanism, astrology and the use of mind-altering drugs.
There were a variety of cultures in North America before the arrival of the Europeans. Some lived in settled communities of agriculturalists and craftspeople, some were nomadic hunters. Their methods of divination ranged from the complex rituals of the settled peoples to the shamanism of the tribal nomads.
The Celtic peoples committed none of their sacred practices to writing. But the Greeks and the Romans wrote extensively about the 'Oak Wisdom' of the Druids, their knowledge of astronomy, of natural law and the ways in which they could be interpreted to reveal the future.
In the ancient world astronomy and astrology were one and the same. The movement of the planets and stars were understood to have a profound influence on the lives of individuals and nations. Babylonian astrology became the foundation on which divinatory methods were based until the late Middle Ages.
Sibylla was the name given by the Greeks and the Romans to the female prophets believed to be possessed by Apollo. Oracles, collections of Sibyline prophecies were kept at Athens and Rome, and the latter were consulted as late as the 4th century AD for advice on future actions and 'crisis management'.
The Old Testament contains a number of Books of Prophesy made at different times and in different parts of the ancient Holy Land. Each is understood to be the authentic word of God transmitted by an individual who received it in dream or vision.
The very practical revelations of the great teachers, Zoroaster, the Buddha, Christ and Muhammad.
None of the Christian Mystics were concerned with predictive revelation; they were seeking ways to achieve a true unity with God and Christ. Their deeply emotional works are both personal accounts of revelation and guidance for others.
Written at some point in the late 60s AD, the Book of Revelation became a major source of iconography in the Middle Ages. Revelation is an apocalypse, a detailed vision of the end of the world and the Second Coming of Christ contains material drawn from a number of ancient and familiar sources.
As late as the 16th century professional astrologers and alchemists were employed at a number of European courts. Many, like Dr Dee who worked for Elizabeth I, were trusted for their predictions and their advice on future actions.
The 19th century saw a fashion for seances and mediums who claimed to be able to cross between the material and spirit worlds. There was also a revival of ancient predictive practices like the Tarot and the interpretation of runes that have remained as a part of popular culture.
Towards the end of the 19th century a number of occult societies formed in Europe. Most claimed to base their ideas and rituals on ancient sources, some attracted a very distinguished following and some of their leaders achieved extraordinary notoriety.
The mind-altering properties of certain plants have been known and used for millennia. By the middle of the last century there were a number of 'drug prophets' who believed they had received profound revelations.
In an age in which it's assumed we have grown more sceptical, there are a surprising number of prophets with large followings of successful and even famous people. What are these prophets offering, and what is the nature of their revelations?